![]() ![]() Each year, particulate matter attributed to RWC caused around 19 premature deaths in Umeå (95% CI: 8–29), 85 in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (95% CI: 35–129), 78 in Copenhagen (95% CI: 33–118), and 232 premature deaths in Oslo (95% CI: 97–346). ResultsĪmongst the studied city areas, the local RWC induced PM 2.5 concentration was lowest in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (population-weighted annual average concentration 0.46 µg m − 3) and highest in Oslo (2.77 µg m − 3). For the health impact calculations, the WHO-developed tool AirQ + was used. Thirdly, the concentration-response function from a previous epidemiological study was applied. Secondly, the baseline mortality rates were retrieved from the national health registers. Firstly, the RWC induced annual average PM 2.5 concentrations from local sources were estimated with air pollution dispersion modelling. ![]() Health impact assessment (HIA) was employed as the methodology to quantify the health burden. ![]() The current study aims to calculate the related health effects in four studied city areas in Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark. Residential wood combustion (RWC) is one of the largest sources of fine particles (PM 2.5) in the Nordic cities. ![]()
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